• Conduct detailed topographical survey of installation area
• Clear vegetation and level ground as per design requirements
• Mark pile locations according to approved layout drawings
• Verify row-to-row spacing and table dimensions
• Establish reference points and benchmarks for alignment
• Conduct underground utility detection before excavation

• Perform soil testing to confirm foundation design parameters
• Install piles (driven/ramming/pre-drilling) as per geotechnical recommendations
• Ensure proper pile depth and verticality (max deviation: ±2°)
• Conduct pull-out tests on sample piles to verify load-bearing capacity
• For concrete foundations, ensure proper curing time before loading
• Verify foundation elevation and alignment with surveying equipment
• Apply anti-corrosion treatment to exposed foundation elements

• Inspect all structural components for damage before assembly
• Install post adapters or caps on foundation elements
• Mount primary support posts ensuring proper orientation
• For trackers, install torque tubes with bearings and drives
• Install cross bracing and diagonal supports for stability
• Ensure proper torque values for all bolted connections
• Verify alignment of primary structure both vertically and horizontally

• Install purlins/rafters perpendicular to primary supports
• Ensure proper spacing for module mounting as per design
• Mount module rail systems and connecting hardware
• Install end clamps and mid clamps for module securing
• Verify proper alignment of rails for smooth module installation
• Check and adjust tilt angle according to design specifications
• Ensure all components are properly secured with specified torque

• Fine-tune table height and slope to meet design parameters
• Verify row-to-row spacing and east-west alignment
• Check all fasteners for proper torque values
• For trackers, test drive systems and control units
• Conduct structural stability tests under simulated wind loads (if specified)
• Install grounding systems and lightning protection as per design
• Document all measurements and quality checks meticulously

• Verify pile/foundation embedment depth and alignment as per geotechnical report and structural design (Tolerance: Depth ±50mm, Plan Position ±25mm, or stricter if specified).
• Inspect galvanization thickness of all steel members, especially those in ground contact or corrosive environments (Min. 80-100 microns for hot-dip galvanizing as per ASTM A123 or IS 4759, or as per project specification).
• Check for uniform ground clearance below modules across the array (Tolerance: ±20mm from design height, or as specified to avoid shading/vegetation issues).
• Ensure all ground-mounted structures and metallic components are interconnected for equipotential bonding and tied to the main grounding grid.
• Verify stability against design wind uplift and lateral loads through design checks. If specified, conduct on-site pull-out tests for foundations (e.g., as per ASTM D3689 for piles).
• Confirm compliance with relevant standards for structural steel and cold-formed members (e.g., IS 2062 for hot-rolled steel, IS 802 for cold-formed sections) if applicable.
• Inspect for any damage to protective coatings (galvanizing, paint) during transport, handling, and erection; repair immediately as per approved procedure (e.g., zinc-rich paint for galvanizing).
• Ensure proper drainage around foundation posts to prevent waterlogging and corrosion.
• For ramming piles, check for plumbness (verticality) and any deformation or damage to the pile head.

Problem: Hard strata, refusal, or excessive pile deviation during driving operations.

Solution: Stop driving, consult geotechnical engineer. May require pre-drilling, use of different pile type, or alternative foundation design (e.g., concrete footing) after approval.

Problem: Misalignment between piles or structural members affecting secondary structure or module installation.

Solution: Use adjustable connectors or shims within allowable tolerance. For severe cases, components may need to be reinstalled or modified after engineering review and approval.

Problem: Damaged zinc coating on structural components during handling or installation.

Solution: Minor damages (scratches) to be repaired using approved zinc-rich cold galvanizing paint as per manufacturer's instructions. Major damages may require component replacement.

Problem: Tracker movement not smooth, binding, or showing errors during rotation.

Solution: Check bearing alignment, ensure no obstructions, lubricate moving parts as per manufacturer, verify torque tube straightness, and ensure proper drive system calibration and electrical connections.