• Review approved foundation drawings and MMS (Module Mounting Structure) layout
• Identify pile coordinates (North/South orientation as applicable for solar tracking)
• Establish primary control points using DGPS/Total Station
• Mark access paths for drilling equipment with minimum 3.5m width
• Create table layout at site with reference levels and coordinates
• Place stakes with red cloth for proper visibility of marking points
• Mark circles using lime powder to identify boring locations
• Verify all markings against approved drawings before proceeding

• Position auguring machine with the bit centered at the marking
• Ensure vertical alignment of drilling equipment before starting
• Consolidate soil around boring area to prevent collapse
• Drill bore hole to specified depth (typically 1.5-2.5m for solar mounts)
• Verify pile diameter (300-450mm as per design) after completion
• Check bore hole verticality using plumb bob
• Clean the bore hole and remove loose soil before proceeding
• Log soil conditions encountered during drilling for geotechnical record

• Verify stub specifications match the approved drawings (material, dimensions)
• Position stub at the center of bore hole with proper cover (minimum 50mm)
• Verify East-West and North-South orientation of stub flanges as per solar array layout
• Check stub-to-stub distance matches the MMS (module mounting structure) requirements
• Verify vertical alignment using spirit level on two perpendicular faces
• Check horizontal alignment using line dori stretched between adjacent stubs
• Ensure stub projection height above NGL (Natural Ground Level) as per drawings
• Secure stub in position using alignment jigs and temporary supports

• Install U-type jig to support stub during concrete casting
• Prepare M20 grade concrete mix as per design specifications (1:1.5:3 ratio)
• Conduct slump test (100-150mm slump) to ensure workability
• Pour concrete uniformly around the stub in layers of 300mm
• Use needle vibrator for proper compaction of concrete, avoiding contact with stub
• Re-check stub alignment during and after concrete pouring
• Fill test cubes (minimum 3 per 20 stubs) for 7 and 28-day strength testing
• Finish top surface with slight slope for water runoff

• Allow initial setting of concrete (minimum 4 hours) before capping
• Ensure pile cap is positioned at the center of stub
• Form smooth transition between pile and cap with proper chamfering
• Apply surface hardener to cap if specified
• Clean stubs thoroughly to remove cement slurry from mounting surfaces
• Perform final verification of stub alignment using total station
• Check level of finished pile cap surface
• Document final position and elevation of each stub

• Begin curing immediately after final setting of concrete (4-6 hours)
• Cover concrete surfaces with wet gunny bags or curing compound
• Perform water curing three times daily for minimum 7 days
• Monitor moisture conditions throughout curing period
• Protect curing concrete from extreme weather conditions using temporary shelters if needed
• Ensure site drainage prevents water ponding around foundations
• Maintain curing logbook with date, time and responsible person details

• Mark internal roads layout with minimum 3.5m width for maintenance access
• Ensure roads are positioned between solar array blocks as per design
• Prepare road sub-base with proper compaction (min. 95% MDD)
• Install culverts or drainage structures at water crossings
• Apply gravel/murrum layer (150-200mm) for all-weather access
• Compact road surface using suitable rollers
• Create proper camber (2-3%) for effective drainage
• Install road markers and signage for easy navigation

Problem: Stub alignment exceeds tolerance limits after setting.

Solution: For fresh concrete (within 2 hours), readjust using alignment jigs. For hardened concrete, consult structural engineer for either remedial grouting, reshaping of connection, or in worst cases, removal and reconstruction.

Problem: Slump test shows inconsistent results or poor workability.

Solution: Adjust water-cement ratio within permissible limits, retest slump before proceeding. If honeycombing appears after casting, apply repair mortar after proper surface preparation.

Problem: Bore hole walls showing signs of collapse during drilling or before casting.

Solution: Use temporary PVC casing to support unstable soil, reduce water infiltration, and expedite casting process to minimize exposure time. In severe cases, use bentonite slurry stabilization techniques.

Problem: Encounter rock, boulders, or other obstructions during drilling.

Solution: For isolated boulders, use rock breaker attachment or core drill. For consistent hard strata, consider pre-drilling with smaller diameter bit followed by reaming. Document all locations requiring special techniques.