• Review approved road design, drawings, and specifications
• Verify the road alignment and cross-section with reference benchmarks
• Check availability of all required materials, equipment, and testing tools
• Conduct soil investigation to determine subgrade properties
• Prepare detailed execution plan with material requirements
• Ensure availability of water source for construction
• Set up material testing area and establish quality control procedures

• Clear vegetation, remove topsoil and debris from the road corridor
• Excavate and remove loose material from subgrade to required depth
• Fill depressions with suitable material and compact to uniform density
• Compact the subgrade using rollers to achieve minimum 98% of MDD
• Shape the subgrade to required camber (2-3% cross slope)
• Ensure side drains are properly excavated for water drainage
• Conduct subgrade testing as per IS 2720 to verify compaction
• Install level markers at 10m intervals to guide thickness control

• Lay granular sub-base material in uniform thickness (100-150mm)
• Spread material to required width and cross-section
• Apply water uniformly to achieve optimum moisture content (OMC)
• Roll and compact with vibratory roller starting from edges to center
• Ensure minimum 8 passes of roller for proper compaction
• Check levels and transverse profile at 20m intervals
• Verify sub-base compaction to minimum 97% MDD as per IS 2720
• Allow curing for 24 hours before proceeding to next layer

• Check coarse aggregate for proper gradation (63-45mm for 1st layer)
• Set string lines and level pegs to control thickness (75-100mm)
• Place aggregate spreader boxes at required intervals
• Spread coarse aggregates uniformly to desired thickness plus 25%
• Hand-pack larger stones along edges for reinforcement
• Roll dry aggregates with 3-5 passes of static roller
• Apply water uniformly using pressure distributor
• Continue rolling while sprinkling water until aggregate is well-keyed
• Spread screenings (Type B as per IS 383) gradually during rolling
• Apply binding material in thin layers (if required by specification)
• Continue rolling with simultaneous brooming to fill voids
• Apply water and roll until slurry is formed to fill voids completely
• Check surface with 3m straight edge for depressions (max 12mm allowed)
• Allow layer to set and dry before proceeding to next layer

• Verify finished first layer meets required tolerance and hardness
• Check coarse aggregate for proper gradation (53-22.4mm for 2nd layer)
• Repeat spreading, watering, and rolling processes as in first layer
• Apply smaller screenings (Type B/C as per IS 383) for better interlocking
• Continue rolling and brooming until layer is thoroughly compacted
• Check and correct surface irregularities continuously
• Verify 2nd layer compaction with field density tests
• Allow compacted layer to set and dry before proceeding

• Verify intermediate layer compliance with specifications
• Use smaller aggregate size (40-20mm) for final layer
• Spread material to final road profile including camber (2.5%)
• Roll and compact as per previous layers with additional passes
• Use Type D screenings (11.2-0.6mm) for final filling of voids
• Apply binding material if specified, ensuring it doesn't form cake
• Final 2-3 passes with roller without vibration for smooth finish
• Check entire surface with 3m straight edge (max 8mm deviation allowed)
• Ensure proper cross drainage works meet with road edges
• Allow completed road to cure for minimum 72 hours before opening

• Excavate and prepare shoulder area parallel to main carriageway
• Fill shoulder with specified material (usually granular/earthen)
• Compact shoulder material in layers not exceeding 150mm thickness
• Ensure shoulder has slight outward slope (4-5%) for drainage
• Verify shoulder edge is 25-50mm below finished road surface
• Compact junction between road edge and shoulder thoroughly
• Install drainage elements (side drains) as per drawings

Problem: Uneven surface after compaction with roller marks.

Solution: Use lighter roller initially, maintain uniform moisture, check roller speed, and scarify affected areas for reworking if required. Ensure proper gradation of materials.

Problem: Aggregate not properly keying together, leading to loose surface.

Solution: Apply appropriate screenings, maintain optimum moisture, increase roller passes, and ensure proper grading of materials. Check aggregate quality (avoid rounded particles).

Problem: Separation of coarse and fine materials during spreading.

Solution: Minimize handling and height of dumping, use proper spreading techniques, mix materials properly before spreading, and avoid excessive watering before compaction.

Problem: Crumbling or settlement at road edges.

Solution: Provide proper shoulder support, hand-pack larger stones at edges, extend rolling 300mm beyond edge, and ensure proper drainage away from edges.